750 BC Chalkidian colony
474 BC native people formed an alliance under the Etruscans against Cumae
Cumae begged assistance from Hieron I of Syracuse. Etruscan fleet defeated.
Hieron offered a Helmet with an inscription meaning "The Etruscan spoils won at Cumae" at
Olympia, now in the British Museum.
423 BC Cumae fell into the hands of the Samnites.